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Understanding Common Brake Rotor Types Solid, Vented, Drilled and Slotted

Solid and vented rotors made with gray cast iron are the most common types of rotors. Drilled and slotted rotors are a variation of the same design. A solid brake rotor is just that – solid. There is no space between the two friction surfaces. A vented brake rotor more commonly has a space between the two friction surfaces of the rotor. This helps with cooling and is more common on the front of the vehicle because front brakes do 70-80% of the braking and endure the most heat.

Unlike slotted or drilled faced rotors, general stock replacement rotors are normally solid faced rotors that are either solid or vented. When replacing a rotor, there should be little confusion as to whether you need a vented rotor or not. If your car came with a vented brake rotor, then the replacement part will be a vented brake rotor. If the car came with a solid brake rotor, the replacement part is a solid brake rotor. No solid rotor replacements are available for a vehicle that came originally equipped with a vented rotor.

Slotted and drilled rotors are a performance modification that do not increase braking power, but might aid in the cooling of the rotors in high heat situations. There are both advantages and disadvantages to having slotted or drilled rotors. One rule of thumb is that if you are just daily driving, there is no reason to get slotted or drilled rotors other than to improve the way your rotors and wheels look. (Drilled and slotted rotors can have an aesthetic appeal to them because they may have a rust prevention measure applied to them and can be indicative of a performance braking system.) One disadvantage of drilled rotors is that they will provide more friction against your pads and reduce the life of them. Another disadvantage is the potential for a drilled brake rotor to crack when subjected to thermal stress. A drilled hole can upset the grain structure of the metal; the result is an uneven temper in the metal. As the brake rotor cools, the uneven temper can cause cracks. The most common crack seen is located from the outer most drilled hole to the edge of the brake rotor. Since the edge of the brake rotor is the first to cool, this is where the most uneven area of cooling occurs. For this reason, drilled rotors are not well suited to racing conditions in which high brake component temperatures are always occurring. Cracks cause vibrations and the larger the crack the more dangerous. The advantages are that the scrub friction of the holes and slots, while increasing the wear on your pad, reduce the chance of the pads becoming glazed.

Slotted and drilled rotors have a series of slotted channels, drilled holes, or both. These rotors primary purpose is to reduce the effects of brake fade. When the temperature is too hot for the pad and rotor to work properly together, brake fade occurs, which refers to the reduced feeling of brake power. The high temperature causes the brake pads and rotors to release a gas, thus reducing the friction that they would provide at lower temperatures. The slots and drilled holes are a means to dissipate this gas and reduce brake fade. The drilled rotors may even help cool the braking system; however, the drilled holes may encourage the temperature related fractures previously mentioned. Of course, when you are experiencing brake fade, you are punishing your rotors to the point that you could warp or crack them regardless of whether or not they are slotted or drilled.

Car Maintenance and the Importance of Authorized Ford Service Centres

Having your car serviced properly is the most important way to keep your vehicle in prime condition. Aside from that, proper servicing also increases the safety and durability of the vehicle. If you own a Ford, then the only way you can get proper servicing is by bringing it to an authorized Ford service center.

Vehicle service goes well beyond just fixing a problem. You have to make sure that the parts, the tools, and methods of service all follow the rigid instructions of the Ford Motor Company. There are a lot of service centers that will say they can repair your Ford vehicle, but if you want to be safe and sure with the vehicle repair, then the only way to do it is to bring your vehicle to an authorized Ford service center. Here are the reasons why you should do so:

Warranty

Having your Ford serviced at an authorized Ford service center is the only way to keep its warranty. With your warranty still intact, you wont have to worry about any repair costs should any problems arise with your vehicle within the warranty period. Just make sure to follow your vehicle maintenance schedule rigidly.

Genuine Parts

Only authorized Ford dealerships Oakville drivers can trust have Ford-specific tools and the latest computerized diagnostic equipment designed specifically for your vehicle. Most importantly, all Ford dealers use original Ford Parts, engineered to fit and perform perfectly with your vehicle. If you take your vehicle to any random service center, chances are the replacement parts will be substandard, and this can cause a lot of trouble for you and your vehicle later.

Quality of Service

The Ford service teams take as much care servicing Ford cars Oakville residents own as the manufacturing team that built it. The highly skilled and experienced mechanics will help keep your Ford car in tip-top condition and safe to drive. You can expect professional service whenever you step into an authorized Ford service center.

There are a number of authorized Ford service centers in and around Oakville. In choosing a service provider, you should gather all information you can get about a particular service center, and check for the authenticity and the quality of service. Once youve found the best Ford dealership Oakville has to offer, schedule your next vehicle service with them. You can read more about the benefits of proper vehicle servicing at autos.com.

Car Rental Charges Explained By Industry Insider…

Prevent additional credit card charges on car rental.

First of all, you must understand how the total price you pay is calculated. Everything starts with the daily base rate this is the rate you pay for the daily use of the car excluding all other charges. It doesnt mean that this is the price you pay!

Instead, you may find your total bill is double of that of the base rate. Extra mandatory charges like GST, airport location surcharges, administration fees, vehicle registration fees are all part of the total bill given to you at the rental counter. I cant stress enough the importance of getting a bill at the end of your rental, but this is another story. So, by the time all the extra charges are added onto your bill, you may find yourself paying almost double that seductive base rate.

To give you an example, a friend of mine rented a car in Australia with a base rate around $177 for four days. The final total? Including a vehicle registration fee, admin fee, airport location surcharge, a surcharge for not filling the gas tank, and a GST on top of all those other charges, my friend paid about $358 – more than a 100 percent increase over the base rate.

So how can you avoid nasty surprises? Below you can find a list of standard surcharges you’re most likely to find at most car rental locations in Australia, as well as some tips for your next trip to the car rental counter.

Airport and GST Surcharges

The majority of car rental transactions happen at the airports around the country. Airport surcharge is something that car rental supplier has no control over and it varies considerably from one airport to another. Therefore, when you pick the car up from the airport you should expect to pay between 3 and 18 percent extra on top of other charges. Unfortunately, you can’t avoid paying GST, which can will add 10 percent. However, if your car rental bill amounts to over $300 and you leave the country within 30 days after returning the car, you may claim GST component of your car rental at the airport.

However, you can avoid the airport charges – such as airport location surcharge fees by picking up and dropping off your car at an off-airport location. Be sure to weigh the possible inconvenience and the price of any additional transportation against the concession fees charged by the airport location – which can be between 3 and 18 percent of your total price.

The bottom line? If you don’t want to pay the airport location surcharge, check out your rental options downtown.

Insurance

Your rental car comes with a standard insurance liability of between $2900 and $3300 depending on a car rental supplier. This liability can be further reduced by paying an extra daily charge of between $25 and $27. However, since the price of insurance is almost half of what you pay for you car, I recommend that you check your credit card/travel/car insurance to make sure it doesnt cover you in a rental car.

Gasoline Charges

For your convenience most car rental companies provide cars with a full tank of fuel, however, be assured that if you dont return the car with a full tank you will pay a higher price for petrol used to fill up the empty tank. However, most car rental companies now offer the option of purchasing a full tank of gas when you first take the car, enabling you to return the car with as much or as little fuel as you wish.

Please note that there is no refund for unused fuel, so its likely youll be paying a little extra for the convenience of skipping the trip to the gas station.

Drop-Off Charges

An extra fee is usually charged if a car is returned to a different location than where it was picked up. This fee varies by location; in some instances there is no charge, while you could pay $300 or more for cross-country drop-offs. However, some companies do not require a charge when dropping off in-state at many Queensland and New South Wales locations.

The 24-Hour Clock

Car rental industry operates on a 24-hour clock rate. However, there is also a 59-minute grace period before hourly charges apply. To give you an example, if you rent a car at 12:00pm on Tuesday and return it by 12:59pm on Wednesday, you will be charged for one day only. However, if you return the car after 27 hours (in this case after 15:00) you’ll then be charged for the full extra day. Hourly charges apply between 25-27 hours.

Early Returns

When you rent a car for a particular number of days, you sign a sale contract for that period. So, just like with any other contracts out there, if you break your contract you must pay cancellation fees. Since, car rental companies set their rates based on the rental period, the longer you keep the car the cheaper the daily base rate. If you managed to reserve a car for 7 days using one of these hot weekly specials and then decide to bring the car two days earlier, you might get charged at a default daily rate and your total car rental charge for 5 days might end up costing you more than if you kept the car for 7 days. Therefore, please dont forget to ask a car rental agent if you pay different daily rate for earlier returns.

Mileage

Most car rental companies offer unlimited mileage in metropolitan areas, including all major capital cities (with an exception of Northern Territory) and some tourist destinations. I would suggest checking your contract prior to signing it as it clearly displays whether you get unlimited kilometres or not. Keep in mind though that smaller car rental companies usually charge mileage if you exceed a given daily km quota. In addition some “hot” special rates may not include unlimited mileage, so be sure to check before you sign a rental agreement.

Vehicle Registration Fees

Varying Rates and Peak Season Surcharges

Here is a tip that will potentially can save you hundreds of dollars. Book in advance!
Rental car companies’ rates vary a great deal from city to city, and sometimes even within the same city. Make sure to shop around. Be aware that you may pay a specific surcharge for traveling at a “peak” time, e.g. School and Public Holidays, Major events in your city, etc.

Age Penalties

Due to the insurance limitations, if you’re under 25, you may have to pay an additional fee, usually about $25 per day. Those companies who will rent to drivers under 21 often charge much steeper surcharges. Internationally, you’ll not only see penalties for underage drivers but also for older ones — those over 70 may have to pay extra (if they’re able to rent at all).

Additional Drivers

Adding more than one driver to your rental agreement often carries a surcharge, anywhere between $7 and $25 per day. Note that some companies, like Avis and Budget, will allow the renter’s spouse or life partner to drive the vehicle for no extra charge — so if both partners are planning to take the wheel, consider renting from one of these providers.

Frequent Flier Fees

Car rental companies often charge a small fee when you request frequent flier miles for your rental. The fee varies by airline, and can range anywhere from a few cents to $2 a day.

Extras

There may also be additional charges for things you had not considered, like infant and child seat rentals, roof racks and other extras. These could run you anywhere from $5 to $25 or more per day, depending on where you rent.

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The Advantages Of Car Servicing

Running a motor can be very expensive, particularly these days. We spend money on tax, insurance, petrol, MOTs and car servicing and sometimes the costs seem infinite.

Whether you have a BMW, VW, Audi, Mini Cooper, Mercedes or a commercial vehicle, you can minimise costs by ensuring you don’t pay through the nose: making sure that you have a regular car service.

Car manufacturers recommend very clearly at what time in a car’s life you will need to have a service, and provide a comprehensive service book that needs to be kept up-to-date, especially if you are planning to sell on your car. When it come to trading in or selling your vehicle, it will have had a decent programme of maintenance and will possibly sell for a higher price, so investment in car servicing is a good investment.

Also, if you have a warranty on your car, then you will need regular servicing in order to maintain that warranty as part of its terms and conditions.

Car servicing also ensures that your car is maintained to the highest standard, and performs at its optimum level, and that your car will run as smoothly, safely, efficiently and reliably as possible for a very long time. And when you car is performing to its best ability you will enjoy the driving experience more and get a lot of satisfaction.

With cars’ CO2 emissions becoming increasingly a factor in motoring life, especially for new higher car tax bands, having a regular car service can help fuel consumption be at its cleanest and CO2 emissions at its lowest.

There is nothing worse than an unreliable car, we have all had the odd occasion when the car has broken down at the roadside, not started in the morning, or perhaps has been in and out of a garage more times than it has been running on the road. This can apply to Audis, as well as BMWs and Volkswagens. Having regular car servicing ensures that potential or underlying problems with a car are dealt with before they happen, especially if there is a small mechanical problem that, if left unfixed, can develop into a larger problem, and expense, later on. Sometimes a service can seem like an awful lot of money, especially with all of the other running costs associated with owning a car. But, in the longer term, having your car serviced regularly at a trusted garage could save much trouble and expense and keep the vehicle on the road, performing at its best.